Full tort vs. limited tort in Pennsylvania: which did you choose?
Pennsylvania is one of a small number of states that asks drivers to choose a tort option. The box you checked can affect what you can recover after someone else causes an accident.
Limited tort
With limited tort, you can still recover medical and other out-of-pocket expenses, but you generally give up the right to sue for pain and suffering unless the injury qualifies as a “serious injury” as defined by law, subject to certain exceptions. Limited tort typically costs less.
Full tort
Full tort keeps your unrestricted right to sue an at-fault driver for pain and suffering and other non-monetary damages.
Why it matters
The tort choice applies to you and household members covered under the policy. Many people don't remember which they picked. It is shown on your declarations page and can typically be changed at renewal. 75 Pa.C.S. § 1705 sets out the options and required notice.
Frequently asked questions
Can I change my tort option?
Generally yes, by contacting your insurer; changes are commonly made at renewal. Ask your insurer how and when a change takes effect.
Is limited tort a bad choice?
Not necessarily. It is a trade-off between cost and your right to sue. The important thing is to make the choice knowingly.
Sources
- 75 Pa.C.S. ยง 1705 (tort options)
- PA Insurance Department
- 75 Pa.C.S. Chapter 17 (Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law)
General information only, not advice about any specific policy. Your policy wording controls. Last reviewed November 2026. [Verify each figure and source link before launch.]